Order Birth Certificate Online Pa

Securely order a copy of your birth record from VitalChek. Is possible with Vital Records OnlineFirst you need to fill out an easy application.

Pennsylvania Pa Vital Records Order Certificates Vitalchek

Ordering a birth certificate replacement.

Order birth certificate online pa. Official PA Vital Record Filing Online Application. Health Department Finally you will be receiving your birth certificate by mail. Save a trip to the Health Department office or an endless internet search with our birth certificate application assistance services.

Payment is by credit card. Your child enter their birth information here. Order your Pennsylvania PA Birth Certificate Online.

Order Pennsylvania birth certificates. Online Birth Certificates - Express Vitals. In addition to the standard birth certificate fee of 20 a 10 processing fee also applies.

Pennsylvania has birth certificates from 1906 to the present. Second you will need to pay the state fee and the service fee. Average delivery times are listed there too.

Be sure that you or someone you trust is there to receive and sign for the shipment. Same Day Processing 5 Minute Form and Secure Online Ordering. Online ordering is available for most requests.

Well simplify the tedious application process for you by providing you with the direction and documents you need to quickly apply for your birth certificate. Order a copy of a birth death or marriage certificate You need to register on the General Register Office GRO website to get a copy of a birth adoption death marriage or civil partnership. Two charges will appear on your credit card a state fee plus our expediting fee of 59.

Your birth certificate will be delivered by the shipper indicated on your state page. You can order a copy of a birth certificate with a raised seal online by mail by phone or in person. All certificates are printed on security paper and bear a raised seal.

You may order a birth certificate online 24 hoursday 7 daysweek from Pennsylvanias only authorized vendor at mycertificateshealthpagov. Print and sign the birth certificate application form. Contact the vital records office in the state where you were born to get a copy of your birth certificate.

Second you will need to pay the state fee and the service fee. Follow the instructions for requesting copies and paying fees. Request your official Birth Certificate by Mail from Home Birth information of the person on record Please enter the birth information of the individual who needs the birth certificate.

For more information on getting a birth certificate see. That means unlike other online services your application wont get. All you have to do is complete an online application with your personal details.

Ordering a birth certificate replacement. To get an official copy of a birth certificate. Apply for a Pennsylvania Birth Certificate.

Fill out a simple online form with the certificate holders basic information. If you are applying for someone else ie. Rush shipping available on certified vital records filing including Pennsylvania birth records.

Get a birth certificate You may need a copy of a birth certificate for identification a passport application or applying for social security. Third you will need to send the application package to the. There are several ways to acquire a copy of your birth certificate via online mail or in person in Pennsylvania.

Click on the bars below for more information. To acquire a birth certificate in Pennsylvania you must be the named person on the birth certificate or an immediate family member legal guardian attorney or legal representative. Born in the US.

If you cannot apply via online ordering you can order by mail telephone or in person. If you need a copy fast ask about expedited service or shipping when you place your order. In Pennsylvania is possible with Vital Records OnlineFirst you need to fill out an easy application.

Let our experienced USA-based team of experts help you obtain your certified birth certificate lightning fast with full support. If you were born in the state of Pennsylvania and need a copy of your certificate you can quickly apply for one online. If the reason for your request does not appear in the online ordering drop-down box options you are not eligible to order the certificate online.

VitalChek is the authorized external ordering source for fast secure birth certificates and other vital records processed directly with the issuing government agency at the lowest cost available online. Also you cannot use non-US issued credit cards or ship outside the USA. Obtain official Pennsylvania PA birth certificates online.

The easiest way to obtain a certified copy of a birth certificate that is legally valid for official business is to order online.

What Part Of The Brain Does Autism Affect

WEDNESDAY July 30 2014 HealthDay News --Although the vast majority of kids with autism have abnormal sensory behaviors their brains are still wired very differently from children who have trouble processing sensory stimuli researchers report. It is not bad behavior it.

How Does The Autism Brain Change Through The Lifespan Interactive Autism Network

Studies of the hippocampus for example may help explain the uneven effects of autism on memory.

What part of the brain does autism affect. A recent study provides evidence that autism affects the functioning of virtually the entire brain and is not limited to the brain areas involved with social interactions communication behaviors and reasoning abilities as had been previously thought. This medical study explains why people diagnosed with High-Functioning Autism or Aspergers Syndrome cannot read social cues thus acting differently. Still autism does have local effects.

31month boy not talkin morethan 10 sng wordnormal hearinassesment resultsevere expressive delay no autismborn with vacum does it damage brain part. The researchers found that neurons that lacked the RNF8 protein formed about 50 percent more synapses -- the connections that. Abnormal brain areas in people with autism include the.

Symptoms the authors say may be linked to persistent connections in the brain. Children with sensory processing disorders SPD can be overly sensitive to sound sight and touch. Different regions of the brain contribute uniquely to autisms impact on cognition emotion and behavior.

Autism is a brain disorder that affects how people interact with others. What part of the brain does autism affect. Autistic brain vs Normal brain About 75 of the autistic brains differ very little in gene expression between the temporal and frontal lobes.

New research is challenging the long-held belief that autism affects only those regions of the brain that control social interaction communication and reasoning -- suggesting instead that the. 1 When her team looked specifically at the amygdala a brain region responsible for processing emotional information they found that changes depended on the. Scientists long thought the cerebellum mostly coordinates movements but they now understand it plays a role in cognition and social interaction as well.

The cerebellum is one of the key brain regions affected by autism. Autistic people have decreased amounts of brain tissue in parts of the cerebellum the brain structure at the base of the skull according to a meta-analysis of 17 imaging studies 5. Previous View Held Autism Limited to Communication Social Behavior and Reasoning.

A new study offers a fresh perspective on how autism works in the brain. In this special report we detail the regional consequences of autism one brain area at a time. Schumann has carried out magnetic resonance imaging studies on people with autism as well as microscopic studies on postmortem tissue for multiple age groups to describe the different phases of brain development in those with ASD.

By signing up youll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. Each part of the brain uniquely reacts towards autisms impact on cognition emotion and behavior. People with severe autism usually have intellectual impairments and little spoken language.

Those with high-functioning autism have average or above average IQ but struggle. Neuroscience Cerebellum Hippocampus and Amygdala Lobes of the Cerebrum Ventricles Caudate nucleus. People with the autistic brain has reduced cortical functional connectivity as compared to regular brain.

The Asperger brain is different in both its function and anatomy as shown in MRI brain scans. In the autistic brain the brain reduced connectivity known as hypoconnectivity allows weakly connected regions to drift apart with sulci forming between them Research has shown the deeper theses sulcal pits are the more language production is affected. In general individuals with autism spectrum disorder have certain characteristics in the neurobiology of their brain including in the way that the brain is structured how it functions and the.

It occupies a spectrum with severe autism at one end and high-functioning autism at the other.

Hiv Pcr Test

In addition to providing virologic confirmation of infection status the expense of repeat HIV DNA PCR testing is spared and an HIV RNA measurement is available to assess baseline viral load. Centrifuge specimen within six hours of collection when freshly drawn at 15C to 30C.

Hiv Virus Load By Real Time Pcr Rt Pcr For Diagnosis Of Hiv

HIV PCR RNA testing is not recommended for routine HIV screening due to the rate of false positives other technical considerations and cost.

Hiv pcr test. PCR hiv test is very good in early stage detection as early as 2 to 3 weeks. HIV DNA PCR is used to detect HIV-1 provirus in mononuclear cells by using oligonucleotides directed at highly conserved regions of the viral genome. The HIV Type 1 RNA PCR test is intended for use only in individuals with documented HIV-1 infection and is not to be used for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.

While a NAT can detect HIV sooner than other types of tests this test is very expensive and not routinely used for screening individuals unless they recently had a high-risk exposure or a possible exposure and have early symptoms of HIV infection. Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 HIV-1 Quantitative Real-time PCR Nongraphical TEST. It is not intended for use as a screening test for the presence of HIV-1 in blood or blood products or as a diagnostic test to confirm the presence of HIV-1 infection.

The HIV RNA by PCR test is used to provide a measurement of HIV genetic material in the blood. Since its on 14th day after exposureyou can take it as good outcome NEGATIVE. These tests can be used to screen the donated blood supply and to detect very early infections before antibodies have been developed.

If the initial HIV test is a laboratory test and. Quantitation HIV Monitor Test RT-PCR. PCR is particularly useful in testing infants of HIV-positive mothers.

Collect specimen in two lavender-top EDTA PPT or yellow-top ACD-A tubes. This test finds either the RNA of the HIV virus or the HIV DNA in white blood cells infected with the virus. Viral Load HIV-1 RNA.

If the initial HIV test is a rapid test or a self-test and it is positive the individual should go to a health care provider to get follow-up testing. This test can be performed within 24 hours of. 87536 HIV-1 quantification Test Includes.

It is also useful when testing patients who are agammaglobulinemic or in rare cases where patients appear to have symptoms of advanced HIV infection but do not demonstrate HIV-specific antibodies. Viral load may be useful adjunct to other laboratory tests for following the disease progression in patients with HIV. This test may be performed just days or weeks after exposure to HIV.

If drawn in EDTA or ACD the plasma must be transferred to a screw-cap polypropylene transport tube and frozen. An initial HIV test usually will either be an antigenantibody test or an antibody test. This test may be done in the days or weeks after exposure to the virus.

Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in individuals with acute or early HIV-1 infection. An HIV quantitative RNA assay can be used as a confirmatory test for infants who have an initial positive HIV DNA PCR test result. Detection of HIV-1 RNA either as undetected or reported in copiesmL.

--Specimens with 240-700 µL will be diluted resulting in a modification of the quantitative range of the assay to 195-748 log copiesmL 90-30000000 copiesmL. PCR testing isnt done as often as antibody testing because it requires technical skill and expensive equipment. This test is intended for use in conjunction with clinical presentation and other laboratory markers as an indicator of disease prognosis.

Polymerase chain reaction PCR tests are used to detect HIVs genetic material called RNA. If refrigerated specimen may be held for 24 hours prior to centrifugation. Monitoring of viral load may also be helpful in making or altering treatment regimens in HIV infected patients.

HIV-1 DNA PCR. HIV-1 Quantitation Ultra Sensitive CPT Codes. The test can either tell if a person has HIV or tell how much virus is present in the blood known as an HIV viral load test.

These infants may carry maternal antibody to 15 months of age. This is also known as a viral load test HIV RNA testing is often used to determine how actively the HIV virus is reproducing in a person who has been diagnosed with HIV infection. If the HIV-1 Quantitative PCR result is greater than or equal to 1000 copiesmL 30 log copiesmL the HIV-1 Genotype by Sequencing will be added.

Polymerase chain reaction PCR.

Death Certificate Dc

These can include District of Columbia death certificates local and District of Columbia State death registries and the National Death Index. We provide fast Apostille service for Death Certificates issued from all 50 US.

Dc Clean Up Dc Filing

3820083 or 3820112 FS.

Death certificate dc. Death Certificate Amendment Requests to amend a District of Columbia Death Certificate should begin at the District of Columbia Department of Health Vital Records Division. Get Results from 6 Engines at Once. The DC Vital Records Division DCVRD maintains birth certificates dating back to August 1874.

District of Columbia Death Records provide information relating to a persons death in District of Columbia. District of Columbia Deaths 1874-1961 at FamilySearch You must be at a Family History Center or FamilySearch affiliate library to view the images of the death certificates. A death certificate is a predicament in any doctors practice with every doctor facing a situation or dilemma of whether or not to issue a death certificate.

Death certificates is restricted to the decedents spouse at the time of death adult child mother father or adult sibling. The DRD report should only be used when a death certificate. Death certificates that can typically be used to obtain death benefits to claim insurance proceeds and for other legal purposes.

Access to copies of DC. New Death Certificate Replace Death Certificate Copy of Death Certificate. Out of Institution Birth Registration - DCVitalregistrationdcgov.

District of Columbia Vital Records Offices County Clerks and the District of Columbia Health Department maintain Death Records. Get Results from 6 Engines at Once. Instructions for Completing the Cause-of-Death Section of the Death Certificate Accurate cause-of-death information is important.

All other birth records are closed and certified copies may only be obtained if you are legally entitled and present the required personal documentation and fees. Get your official District of Columbia Death certificates online for funerals banking insurance social security benefits. Death Records include information from District of Columbia and Federal death registries and indexes including the National Death Index.

Death records become public after 75 years. 7-220 the Vital Records Division may issue a certified copy of a death certificate ONLY to an applicant having a direct and tangible interest in the requested deathcertificate. Birth and Death Certificates - Click to Make an Appointment or call 202 442-9303 option 1 and then option 9.

All other death records are closed and certified copies may only be obtained if you are legally entitled and present the required personal documentation see below and fees. District of Columbia Death Records are documents relating to an individuals death in District of Columbia District of Columbia. Ad Search Insurance Death.

CERTIFICATE INFORMATION Restriction on Access to Death Certificates. Because of the unique requirements of each State we recommend that you mail to our office the original or a certified copy issued by The State Registrar or local County Clerk. Death Certificates The DC Vital Records Division DCVRD maintains death certificates dating back to August 1874.

All of the funeral directors attempts to obtain the death certificate from the physicianmedical examiner should be documented on this form. The relatives of the deceased may plead persuade pressurize offer a price and at times even threaten. You may file an Application to Amend a Death Certificate in JIC only if you have a received a Vital Records Division Rejection Letter requiring an order of the court.

Vital Records issues only certified copies of DC. Delayed Birth Registration - DCVitalregistrationdcgov. Death Records are kept by Vital Records Offices or District of Columbia.

Birth records become public after 125 years. States including Death Certificates issued by the Secretary of the District of Columbia. Online District of Columbia Death Records Indexes.

Cause of death on the death certificate within 72 hours s. District of Columbia - Washington Times Obituaries Archive 141990-Current you can obtain copies of individual obituaries online for a fee. Ad Search Insurance Death.

To the public health community in evaluating and improving the health of all citizens and Often to the family now and in the future. Find District of Columbia. Death records become public after 75 years.

How Long Do 2 Month Old Babies Sleep

But they may not sleep more than 1 to 2 hours at a time. And night-time sleeps get longer at this age.

Sleep Patterns At 2 3 Months Old

For babies younger than that the duration would be shorter of course.

How long do 2 month old babies sleep. Newborns tend to sleep a lot. However keep in mind that at this age its better to implement a sleep routine as opposed to a schedule. This sample schedule assumes your little one is awake for 90 minutes at time and naps for exactly one hour throughout the day.

How many naps your baby will take each day depends on the length of the naps and the amount of wake time between sleep periods. For most people though not me our body temperature drops at night in order to lead to a better nights sleep. As a 2-month-old baby he or she will sleep between 15 and 17 hours a day.

Until then your 2 month old will be sleeping up to 18 hours a day staying awake for no more than 2 hours in between sleep times so your sleep schedule should be planned accordingly. Most 2 month old babies need 4 - 5 naps per day. At this age most babies sleep for 12-15 hours every 24 hours.

Most babies dont start sleeping through the night 6 to 8 hours without waking until they are about 3 months old or until they weigh 12 to 13 pounds. Let your baby nap for as long as he or she wants unless your baby has difficulty falling. Babies can sometimes sleep for 6 hours at a stretch without food right after they are 6 months old or higher.

As a 6-week-old baby your newborn will sleep up to 18 hours for every 24 hour period - in their first few days of being alive theyll sleep even more. Ages 4 months to 1 year. How much a 2-month-old sleeps at night depends on the daytime routine but they can sleep about 8-10 hours a night.

Your newborn will spend the majority of time sleeping and the rest of their time eating - this is especially true for the first few weeks. In the summer depending on the temperature of your house you may want to skip the sleep sack or blanket altogether. After the newborn period your baby will likely nap at least twice a day once in the morning and once in the early afternoon.

Generally newborns sleep about 8 to 9 hours in the daytime and about 8 hours at night. Babies might start moving towards a pattern of 2-3 daytime sleeps of up to two hours each. For example babies of an age range of 0-4 weeks can sleep for 4 stretch hours at max without any essence of food.

The rest of the babys sleep time will be divided up between the naps he or she takes during the day. From 2 weeks to 2 months of age theyll sleep an average of 155 to 17 hours total broken down by about 85 to 10 hours at night and six to seven hours during the day spread out over three to. At this age babies sleep 15 to 16 hours a day.

Some babies also need a late-afternoon nap. For example some babies might be having long sleeps of six hours at. Your babys sleep patterns are evolving but at two months they still arent fully established.

Some babies sleep for 16 to 18 hours each day waking up only for short breaks to eat and have a diaper change. However keep in mind that babies at this age can stay awake for 60 to 90 minutes at a time while naps can be between 30 minutes and two hours. Two month olds usually need 45 minutes - 125 hours of awake time in between sleep periods.

You might aim to have your baby nap at 9 am. Babies sleep better in a cooler temperature approximately 68-70 degrees so you dont want them too warm.

Who Do I Call For Power Outage

North Central South Central. Who do I call if theres a power outage in my area.

Power Outages In Your Home What To Do And Who To Call

How long does it take for the power to come back on after a storm.

Who do i call for power outage. If playback doesnt begin shortly try. To report a power outage in your neighborhood call us any time at 1-800-465-1212. Below is a list of numbers of both the TDUs and major electric companies in case of a power outage.

Call 1-800-334-7661 If you see downed power lines leave the area immediately and then call ComEd. When you call be prepared to give your name address telephone number and any information about the power outage. You can report a power outage by calling 541 548-2144 during business hours and to 866 495-8651 after hours.

Texas-New Mexico Power TNMP 1-888-866-7456. Knowing who to call when power is out is extremely important. If the power outage you are experiencing is due to an unpaid overdue balance please call Constellations Customer Care at 855-465-1244.

Representatives are available 24 hours a day 7 days a week. There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. Its irresponsible to divert valuable 911 resources from the people who need them most.

Have a gallon of water available for each person as well as non-perishable foods. If you use life-support medical equipment that requires electricity call to register for our Medical Preparedness Program at 602-371-7171 800-253-9405. Report a Power Outage.

Based on a number of factors including forecasted extreme weather conditions we may need to call a Public Safety Power Shutoff PSPS event and preemptively turn off power in your area in order to reduce the risk of wildfires. To research the effect that an outage has on your energy usage in a given month check your meter usage data at Smart Meter Texas. The first thing you should do is to check your breakers and circuit boxes.

WaterSewer Break During Business Hours. This number also provides you with updates on expected service restoration when available. Austin Energy Outage Map.

Instead call your local non-emergency number or your power company to report an outage. Who do I call when I have a power outage. Its more likely to hit during stormy weather but many other thingsa tree falling on power lines or an animal getting into a transformercould also cut your electricity.

Talk to your medical provider about a power outage plan for medical devices powered by electricity and refrigerated medicines. Who Do You Call During a Power Outage. When there are power outages youll want this information handy.

This alerts us of your needs in the event of an outage. Such an outage could be dangerous for you and the longer it lasts the greater the risk. To report a life threatening emergency dial 911.

We can also provide you with information to the question how to use solar panels during power outage To start today give us a call at 1-833-433-0331. Examples of these causes include faults at power stations damage to electric transmission lines substations or other parts of the. If you experience a power outage at your home or business that it not related to payment of your electricity bill please call the utility company for your area also called the Transmission and Distribution Service provider or TDSP or TDU.

A power outage could happen at any time. If the problem doesnt seem to be related to that and you can see that the outage is limited to your home or neighborhood contact your electric company to report the outage. Once you have contacted your utility some may be able to give you a timeframe of when your power will be restored.

Find out how long medication can be stored at higher temperatures and get specific guidance for any medications that are critical for life. After you make the call you can start getting prepared in case you urgently need a source of energy. Do Not call 911 just to report a power outage unless you or someone in your home is hurt or in danger.

CEC will post to its outage blog for large-scale or extended outages. This is the company that maintain the lines poles and meters that deliver electricity to your home. If others are without power call Loveland Water and Power.

If you are not sure which. Consider writing the phone number for your delivery company down and placing it in an easily accessible place or programming it into your cell phone. A power outage also called a power cut a power out a power blackout a power failure a power loss or a blackout is the loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user.

If your electric power is interrupted be sure to report the outage to us right away. Lewisville Princeton Gatesville Pilot Point. Dallas Fort Worth Arlington Waco.

Power Outage contact Power Outage Map.

Merv Filter Scale

An air filters MERV rating is a scale from 1-16 that describes the minimum efficiency of the air filter. Filters with higher MERV ratings trap small particles more effectively than filters with lower MERV ratings.

Understanding 1 20 Merv Rating Chart Filters And Air Purifiers

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value MERV is the industry standard for measuring how well a heating and cooling systems filter captures particles.

Merv filter scale. Many people just want to know what MERV number do I need to buy MERV air filter ratings range from 1 least efficient captureability to 16 very efficient. Or in English how effective is your air filter MERV ratings range from 1-20. What MERV Rating Is the Best.

MERV 17 through MERV 20 filters are typically used in surgical operating rooms clean rooms and other contexts that require absolute cleanliness. Their basic filter is rated at 100 and their most efficient filter is rated at 2800. Conversely a high MERV rating indicates that the filter does a.

FPR ratings are on a scale from 4 through 10. The MPR-2800 would qualify as a MERV-14 so even though 3M emphasizes the smallest size range of particles their best filter doesnt qualify for the highest MERV. The MERV rating scale shows the efficiency of a filter.

The scale spans for 1-20 with the higher number indicating a finer filtration meaning a fewer amount of airborne particles pass through it. 8 rows What is a MERV rating. Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value MERV An overall reporting value of a 522-evaluated air filter is the expression of the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value MERV.

This value is helpful in comparing the performance of different filters. The MERV filter rating is the domestic and international industry standard rating system established by the American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. Basically the higher the MERV rating the higher the air filtration capabilities of a particular filter.

That is the percentage of particles removed based on the size of the particle. The American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers also known as ASHRAE created the MERV scale. A low MERV rating means that the filter does not remove as many particulates from the air.

In general filters with a rating of MERV 16 or below are considered to be HVAC-system-grade filters for residential commercial and general hospital use. The MERV filter rating is the domestic and international industry standard rating system established by the American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. Closer to the high end of the scale even very small particles are blocked from passing through the filter.

MPR measures ratings based on sizes 03 to 1 microns. The MPR scale however uses much larger numbers. The MERV scale goes from 1 to 20 where the higher the number the more effective it is at removing the smallest particulates.

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values or MERVs report a filters ability to capture larger particles between 03 and 10 microns µm. MERV otherwise known as Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value is a system used to evaluate the efficiency of an air filter based on how effective it is at catching particles of varying sizes. MERV 12 filter for comparison will filter out 90 of the same particles.

The MERV is a single number that is used along with the air velocity at which the test was performed to simplify the extensive data generated by the method of testing. You can see from the MERV scale above that MERV 10 filter will filter out 85 of 30-100 μm particles. The MERV filter rating system goes from 1-20.

A higher performance pre-filter. Higher value MERV rating equates to finer filtration meaning fewer dust particles and other airborne contaminants can pass through the filter. In 1987 the American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers designed the MERV rating scale to give a more accurate picture of an air filters capabilities.

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value MERV is a standard that rates the overall effectiveness of air filters. On 10-20 pm Particles 19 na na Virus unattached Radioactive Materials 99999 eff. The Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value commonly known as MERV is a rating scale to measure the effectiveness of air filters.

The other two systems were created by 3M and The Home Depot to differentiate their offerings. Here a list of the best air purifiers. MERV RATING CHART Standard 525 Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value Dust Spot Efficiency Arrestance Typical Controlled Contaminant Typical Applications and Limitations Typical Air FilterCleaner Type 20 na na 030 pm particle size Cleanrooms 99999 eff.

Some of the common particles that filters are tested for include pollen dust mites textile. Unlike other scales which emphasized a need to increase the number of particles passing through an air filter MERV was designed to offer a balance between particle filtering and energy efficiency. Filters with ratings above 16 are classified as HEPA commonly referred to as High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance.

The best ones have to have filters as high MERV rating as possible. On the lower end of the scale larger particles can make their way through the filter. MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value.

The higher the MERV rating on a filter the fewer dust. Many air purifiers use a foam pre-filter and those fall in the MERV 1-4 range and are the lowest performing filters.